Prostate cancer is often found by doctors before men show any symptoms or signs of the disease. Signs are different from symptoms in a way that sign...
Prostate cancer is often found by doctors before men show any symptoms or signs of the disease. Signs are different from symptoms in a way that signs are detected by doctors through physical examinations and laboratory work. Symptoms, on the other hand, are what patients can see and feel.
Prostate Cancer Signs
* Prostate size or shape is abnormal. The presence of bumps in the prostate can be detected during a rectal examination.
* Increased PSA levels – If there is an elevation in the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) levels, this can be a sign of cancer, but not definitive, as there may be other causes of PSA level elevation.
* Enlargement of the bladder – This can be detected through physical examination or ultrasound and MRI. Doctors would be looking for enlargement and the restriction of urine.
* Lesions on the bone – Other causes may be possible, but lesions on the bone as seen on a CT scan or other tests can be sign of cancer.
* Enlargement of the lymph nodes – If there is cancer in the prostate, it often attacks the lymph nodes near the groin area and causes the nodes to expand.
After a confirmed diagnosis of your cancer and your oncologist tells you the grade and stage of your condition, your doctor will make an evaluation and make a suggestion on the best possible treatments.
Possible Treatments
* Surgical treatment – Doctors would want to eradicate the cancer tissues from the prostate and other nearby organs that may be affected. They would also want to prevent its spread to other organs that do not have cancer cells. The most common surgery being performed as treatment for prostate cancer is radical prostatectomy where surgeons effectively remove the prostate organ and the nearby vesicles.
* Radiation – This is done by using x-rays or radiation to completely kill all cancer tissues that are present in the body of the patient. It damages the DNA that cancer needs in order to spread.
* Hormone Treatment – The hormone testosterone can help multiply and spread prostate cancer cells. A patient can then undergo hormonal therapy in order to restrict the growth, production, and use of these hormones.
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Do most people really want to quit smoking? We can give you numerous reasons why you should quit smoking. Probably the number one reason would have to be someones health.
Smoking can cause you and other individuals so many health difficulties that in the long run, it would not only be expensive but also life threatening. Even if you are in excellent health now, chances are if you continue to smoke you will possibly have so many health issues that it wouldn’t even be funny. You have to ask yourself at what level is it worth for me to smoke?
Is it worth smoking to have to pay five plus dollars for a pack of cigarettes and remain tossing all of your money away on nothing that is going to help. Is it worth smoking that in the long run and over time you will have breathing ordeals and start getting breathless and winded. Or would it be worth it to keep smoking when you are all run down and fatigued from your body not getting enough oxygen? Can you envision trying to spend time with your family? How about trying to play around with your child? When you smoke you easily get out of breathe and you cannot do anything. That just sounds dreadful.
Not to mention all the other health issues associated with smoking. Did you know that many Cancers, Emphysema, Asthma and Bronchitis are caused by smoking? Just sit and think about this for a minute. In the long run it just does not seem worth it to smoke anymore.
Then there is all of those chemicals that are in cigarettes. Did you know that you are planting tons of chemicals into your body? Yes, that is right chemicals! With every draw of a cigarette that you take in, you are polluting your lungs and body with all those chemicals that they put in cigarettes. You are likely asking yourself what ingredients are in cigarettes? Can they be that bad? You are allowing these ingredients into your body.
Did you know that there is tar in cigarettes? That is the same kind of tar that you walk on every time you walk on the road. Does smoking still sound all that tempting after hearing what all is in it or the serious health conditions that you can face. It just does not seem appealing to smoke when it can literally mean your life.
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It can be easy to mistake a prostate cancer symptom for symptoms of less critical conditions like enlarged prostate (BPH) or prostatitis. In most cases, a doctor is the first one to detect signs of prostate cancer, usually during a routine exam. That’s the reason why you should see your doctor if you’re experiencing any of these symptoms:
- Difficulty urinating or retaining urine
- The urge to urinate frequently, particularly at night
- Urine flow that’s weak or intermittent
- Painful or burning urination
- Blood in urine or semen
- Difficulty in achieving erections or painful ejaculations
- Frequent stiffness or pain in the lower back, upper thighs, or hips
There are other factors that can affect your risk of developing prostate cancer, which 1 out of 6 American men are afflicted with. This makes it the most common type of non-skin cancer for men. These other risk factor include:
Age. As men age, the risk of developing prostate cancer rises. The odds for men under 40 being diagnosed with prostate cancer are roughly between 1 – 10,000. However, as men approach the 40 – 59 year range, the risk increases to 1 in 38. For men between 60 – 69, the rate jumps sharply to between 1 – 15.
Family genetics. A man with a father or brother that’s been diagnosed with prostate cancer is 2 times more likely to develop it himself. If the prostate cancer was diagnosed in those family members at an early age (say, younger than 55), or if 3 or more family members were affected, the risk jumps greatly.
Race. African-American men have a 60% more likely chance to develop prostate cancer than men of Caucasian origin, with their odds of dying from the cancer being more than twice that of whites. For U.S. men overall, the risk of prostate cancer is 17%. Asian men living in Asian countries have the lowest overall cancer rate (2%), but for those who have moved into Western cultures, their risk has been shown to rise dramatically.
Location. Men living in cities above 40 degrees latitude (north of Columbus, OH, or Philadelphia, PA) have the highest risk of death from prostate cancer than for men anywhere else in the U.S. It is suspected that lower levels of sunlight during the wintertime reduces critical Vitamin D levels, increasing cancer risks.
Additional risk factors that can cause the exhibition of prostate cancer symptoms and the development of aggressive prostate cancer:
- Significant lack of high-fiber vegetables (e.g., broccoli) in the diet
- High calcium consumption
- Lack of exercise because of a sedentary way of life
- Excessive height.
Factors and conditions that apparently don’t increase the risk of developing prostate cancer include:
- Obesity, or a high body mass index (BMI)
- Enlarged prostate (BPH)
- Prostatitis
- An overly-active sex life
- Vasectomies
- Medications
- Alcohol
More than 200,000 new cases of prostate cancer are diagnosed every year in the U.S., and 32,000 men will die this year from it. Darrin Paulsent delves into the subject in order to help men distinguish between a true and the much more common that are readily treatable.
Beginning aromatherapists are often enthralled with aromatics from rare and perhaps mysterious sources. While we all know where lavender comes from and what to do with it, many of us aren’t so sure about frankincense and myrrh. We know they’ve been treasures of a kind since antiquity, but what are these materials really, and how can we be using them now? Here’s a look at the resins and oils of frankincense and myrrh, and their great many uses to be had in our daily lives.
The first unique thing about both these essential oils is their source: they’re both distilled from dried resin — essentially the collected sap of trees. Frankincense and myrrh are the proper terms for the dried resin from each tree (or shrub) itself, while the actual plants are called by different names. The resin is collected by catching it as it exudes from wounds in the trees — the resin’s production is actually a healing activity of the plant, sealing its wounds. Collection of the resin is considered not harmful, and can go on throughout the life of the tree. The dried resin forms into little balls, sometimes called “tears” or “pearls”.
The trees are native to the deserts of North Africa and surrounding regions. Myrrh is extracted from the Commiphora myrrha (also called C. ‘molmol’) or Commiphora gileadensis trees; Frankincense from the Olibanum trees Boswellia carteri, Boswellia seratta and Boswellia sacra. To the untrained eye, the trees are remarkably similar, with knurled branches and tiny leaves — both looking tough and native to their very arid regions.
Both frankincense and myrrh have very long histories of use, dating back several thousand years — with a recorded history not much older than mankind itself. Both have been burned as incense for purification purposes, again both medicinally and spiritually. Burning frankincense is the classic scent of the Catholic church, at one time being an important fumigant during times of plague. The name frankincense is actually a combination of ancient terms meaning “pure smoke”. Today, one can still burn these resins as incense, or diffuse the essential oils themselves.
The essential oils of frankincense and myrrh can be more easily incorporated in therapeutic preparations than the resins. Their liquid nature is easily combined in massage or skin care preparations. And you’ll actually find several types of essential oils — with the new advent of distilling with pressurized liquid carbon dioxide, these oils are available as “CO2’s”, which in the case of these oils may have more potent healing effects than their steam distilled relatives. The reason being is the CO2 process brings more of the natural resin material into the oil, whereas steam distillation only brings the most volatile (easily evaporated) molecules.
The essential oils share two main therapeutic applications: they’re considered, along with sandalwood, the greatest of the “meditation aides” in aromatherapy. Their long chain “sesquiterpene” molecules interact with the pineal gland, also sometimes referred to as the “third eye”. This part of the brain is associated with spiritual insight, as well as regulating our bodies functions in relation to the cycles of day and night. Both oils are also used for prevention and treatment of aging skin — they have been shown, with regular use, to reduce the appearance of lines and wrinkles, while improving skin texture.
Myrrh is commonly used for its anti-infectious properties. It has a long history of use for treating ulcers of all kinds, and specifically for those inside the mouth. For painful gum infections, a poultice can be made of powdered myrrh resin or CO2 oil, slippery elm bark powder, and a sprinkling of antibacterial essential oils. A ball of this is packed in place at the site of the wound, and replaced every hour or so until the infection is pulled to the surface. A tincture containing approximately 20% resin dissolved in alcohol is a popular natural antiseptic. This tincture can be used as an antiseptic for the mouth cavity. The CO2 extract of the resin is the oil of choice for a similar effect.
Frankincense has been the subject of a significant amount of scientific research in the last decade. It has shown the ability to destroy cancerous cells, while leaving healthy cells unaffected. Scientific inquiry into this activity is still at its earliest stages, and as of yet, protocols for its use have not been developed. Interestingly, the oil has been noted as one of the primary immune-system support aromatics in aromatherapy, by improving one’s sense of well-being. Clearly incorporating its use in one’s health and wellness program as a preventative measure is worth looking into.
The boswellic acids found in frankincense resin and CO2 distillation have potent anti-inflammatory activity, and are now found in creams and oils specifically for conditions of painful joints. These compounds have been shown to be COX-2 inhibitors, meaning they prevent the formation of enzymes which lead to inflammation. Including the essential oil in massage formulas is an excellent way to utilize this benefit, particularly when combined with other anti-inflammatory and analgesic aromatics.
Hopefully this quick look at frankincense and myrrh will give you a little insight into using these wonderful natural healers in your life. The resins and oils are readily available on the internet, with several sources providing “therapeutic grade” quality materials — which generally means you’ll get very fine aromatics as well. Enjoy!
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Women are normally much more relaxed compared with males regarding visiting the physician for examinations and typical medical check-ups, however strangely younger females have a tendency to ignore signs or symptoms that may well be a warning of cancers. However do you know the symptoms for breast cancer malignancy and other possible most cancers indications?
Thinking cancer malignancy is a issue of the old, or that the majority of types of cancer are not curable they will let signs or symptoms go. This is usually a sad mistake that leads to loss of life, sometimes young lives.
Finding a balance involving awareness and denial is difficult, which is why in the event you experience any of the following changes in your physical structure you should go to the physician to get a checkup.
1) Inexplicable weight loss of ten lbs inside a thirty day period, should you haven’t been doing anything to encourage it. A malignant tumor isn’t always the answer here, sometimes an overactive thyroid is often to blame, however, you won’t know before you see your physician.
2) Bloated tummy that happens just about every day and stays for a lot more than a several weeks really should be looked at. You may perhaps have blood tests as well as CT scans so your doctor rules out cancer of the ovaries, an often silent and entirely treatable form of cancer.
3) Breast changes, not only lumps, but inflammation or thickening of the epidermis (or even a rash that remains for a few weeks) around the breast may be the very first indication of a uncommon, aggressive form of cancer. If the appearance of the nipple transforms, or else you notice discharge (and are not breastfeeding) you need to be examined at once.
4) For pre-menopausal females, bleeding in between periods really should be looked into, particularly if your cycles are normally very frequent and spotting is uncommon in your case. Bleeding following menopause is yet another must-check indicator.
5) Pores and skin modifications, not merely in moles, but changes in your pigment of the skin, abrupt bleeding in your pores and skin or extreme scaling are all issues you want to bring to your physician’s notice should they go on for at least a handful of weeks.
6) Trouble swallowing that has you changing the consistency of the meals you take in is really a sign not to be disregarded. Your health practitioner will take a thorough background, get chest X-rays or various other exams of the digestive tract.
7) Blood in the incorrect position, for example as part of your pee or stool can be considered a warning indicator your medical doctor will need to investigate. Hacking and coughing up blood must be evaluated too, especially if this occurs a lot more than once. Gnawing tummy discomfort and a depressive disorder may be an early signal of cancer of the pancreas according to some analysts, though the link isn’t well understood. These two indicators going on alongside one another for a few days tend to be reason enough for a trip to your medical doctor.
9) Persistent indigestion without being pregnant may well be a warning sign for many forms of cancer of the esophagus, belly or neck. Your own medical professional will do a cautious analysis before determining just what lab tests, if any, to arrange.
10) Variations inside your mouth area for example white-colored areas within the mouth area or white spots on the tongue, specifically in the event you smoke, are clues you ought to bring to the interest of one’s dentist or doctor.
11) Discomfort that is persistent and is inexplicable demands to be evaluated right away, as it might be an early symptom associated with some cancers.
12) Variations in lymph nodes such as a lump or swelling in the nodes beneath your armpit or throat, or on any section of your entire body might be an early warning signal. If the change in the lymph node stays around for a month or more, see your doctor.
13) A fever without any justification (the flu or an additional infection) can suggest early blood cancer such as leukemia or lymphoma. In the event the fever comes along with jaundice or change in the coloring of one’s stool, phone your health practitioner to get a physical, X-ray, CT scan, MRI or additional testing.
14) Fatigue can be a vague symptom that may point to cancer tumor, specifically if there isn’t any additional explanation (hectic agenda, late nights, etc.) for feeling so exhausted, even once you have had a great night sleep.
15) Prolonged coughs are a discomfort associated with the common cold as well as allergen hypersensitivity, however a cough that continues for three to 4 weeks shouldn’t be overlooked any longer. Your doctor will perform an exam, examine your lung functioning and order X-rays, specifically if you smoke cigarettes.
If some of these common indicators suddenly become a part of one’s life, do not wait. Instead, listen to your body and find some time to talk to a medical professional about your concerns.
Denial can, and will, kill a lot of individuals, even young ones. You owe it to your self and the ones in your life who care for you to get warning signs and symptoms for breast cancer or other cancer symptoms examined by your physician so that you will not be one of them.
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Dry skin is very frequently sensitive too, which just makes it more difficult to deal with. Dry sensitive skin is taut because of the lack of natural oils and has a tendency to develop small expression lines that will eventually become wrinkles. Moreover, this kind of skin makes one more exposed to allergic reactions, rashes, capillaries rupturing and sudden flushes. Therefore, taking care of dry sensitive skin can be a real challenge sometimes. It is worth stating that it afflicts people of all ages, colours and genders.
You need to follow rigorous steps in your choice of cleansing, moisturising and make-up products when you have dry sensitive skin to take care of. First of all, you have to minimize the amount of products you put on your face. The fact is, the more chemicals you come into contact with, the higher the chance of getting rashes. The products ought to be perfume-free and hypo-allergenic so that you don’t develop red, irritation blotches. Blusher and foundation can pose some difficulties for dry sensitive skin.
Try not to use too much make-up in order to allow your skin to breathe properly. When you are shopping for make up, other than looking for the hypo-allergenic label, you should also try to ensure that they are oil-free. Furthermore, foundation and blusher should be water-based because they don’t clog your pores. Moreover, oil-absorbing foundations are not recommended for dry sensitive skin, because they will make your epidermis even drier.
It is also not recommended that you use exfoliants or astringent products on dry sensitive skin because they could irritate the thin epidermis. The same thing must be said in relation to washing: over-washing of the face means eliminating the natural oils that lubricate the skin, which will result in an increased dryness.
Furthermore, the day-time moisturiser should have an incorporated SPF (sun-protection factor) of at least 15. However, although you may like sunbathing, dry sensitive skin doesn’t really allow you to enjoy such outdoor pleasures.
If you have dry sensitive skin, don’t expose it to the sun in order to tan it, because you will only achieve early ageing and possibly even fairly serious health problems. And last but not least, a warning must be given that you should change some of your cosmetic products for other ones along the lines mentioned above.
If you decide that you should to switch to a different brand of skincare products, it is very important that you test the product on a small section of skin in order to check whether it provokes any allergic reactions.
Skin care is vital in these days of pollution and ozone deficiency. If you require information on , please go over to our website entitled
comprises of 80% of the entire non melanoma skin cancers. People belonging to the age group between 40 to 60 years are more inclined to be affected by such tumors. The cancerous basal cell carcinoma prefers its growth in the neck as well as the head area where there is most solar exposure.
75-86% of the Skin Cancer Basal Cell Carcinoma usually originated on the neck or head region. The anatomic circulation is associated with the planes of embryonic fusion. The skin cancer basal cell carcinoma according to recent research showed that its appearance is 4 times greater on embryonic fusion planes compared to regions like middle of a face. Thus it was concluded that an embryology had a major role in the pathogenesis of such basal cell carcinoma. The nose is the very usual region where the Basal Cell Carcinoma is found on a human head.
The chief etiologic agent that leads to the growth and expansion of Skin Cancer Basal Cell Carcinoma is the exposure to the sun. The threat depends on the degree of skin exposure to radiations like UV-B of the sun as well as the type of skin. Tumors occur more frequently on fair complexion individuals.
Skin Cancer Basal Cell Carcinoma or BCC as well as Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) is categorized as non-melanoma type of skin cancer. The annual death rate predictable from the tumor of BCC is said to be 0.44 for every 100,000 persons. BCC is said to causes death in rare cases but it occurs when the advanced tumors are out of human control and treatment.
The tumors of Skin Cancer Basal Cell Carcinoma are usually sinister, painless and of non -healing natured nodule like structure that appears on exposed area to direct sunlight. They are very common among elderly white people due to altering sun-exposing way of life. Patients that have high risk of such skin cancer like BCC have family history of such cancer or have sun exposure history related to social or occupational type or belong to high-risk geographic zone. Patients who have such recurrent tumors is expected to have deeper invasion. In such case of recurrence, the radiation therapy is most likely said to be biologically aggressive treatment.
The tumors of Skin Cancer Basal Cell Carcinoma that usually arise from the exposure of UV radiation and due to genetic vulnerability are categorized as undifferentiated BCC like nodular or noduloulcerative basal Cell Carcinoma, Micronodular BCC, superficial BCC and sclerosing BCC also called morpheaform, differentiated BCC like keratotic BCC, pleomorphic BCC, Infundibulocystic BCC and Follicular BCC.
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Don’t just listen to others especially who are not experts and jump to the conclusion of deciding yourself as lactose intolerant. There is a list of the people who misjudge any disturbance in body with . Even though it’s a fact that 10 to 15% of the Americans are lactose intolerant, but these similar symptoms causing the sensitivity to any component of the milk must not definitely be that of lactose.
Principally Lactose is a sugar present in the milk. Anyone who suffers from the lactose intolerance will not be able to properly digest that simple sugar which is normally present in the milk related products and any dairy products. This inability to digest the lactose by digestive system creates a wide array of problems inside the stomach.
Due to the non-processing of the lactose many lactose intolerance symptoms show up. Some of the common symptoms are stomach cramps, painful gases and bloating. These symptoms usually deteriorate with age causing many painful sessions but are not life frightening.
Many dairy products are available in the market for the lactose intolerant sufferers. These wide varieties of products are a treat for the sufferers as they are lactose free. Many products these days come with lactase. Lactase is the enzyme which helps in digesting the lactose. The problem actually arises when you feel that you are lactose intolerant and start to use these lactose free or lactase added dairy products. These products may not be safe to you and may have side effects. Some proteins namely casein and whey are added to the milk products for the sufferers. Usage of such products may lead to some kind of allergies.
To be true to you all many lactose intolerance symptoms seems to be similar to other dairy products allergy. Don’t just become the culprit of misjudging. The most common symptoms are diarrhea, and abdominal pain. These commonly occurring problems can be symptoms to many of other dairy products. But to be on safer side if you feel these symptoms more regularly or whenever you consume dairy products you could be lactose intolerant. Get checked with the doctor at least once to be sure in future.
The future for lactose intolerant symptoms looks positive. There is significant research in this area to find an easier way to control lactose intolerance including the tests in 1998 by scientists. They undertook gene therapy transplant in rats and hope to adapt this technique in humans in years to come.
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or SCC is one of the very common forms of skin cancers that exist today. The skin cancer of this type has said to affect more than 200,000 Americans almost every year. Squamous Cell Carcinoma Skin Cancer is also categorized as non-melanoma type skin cancer together with Basal Cell Carcinoma. The skin cancer of this type is very nasty which can slowly become fatal while 1 or 2% of such cases even metastasize.
Metastasis is a considered as the main decisive factor for malignancy. Here the cancerous tumor of the Squamous Cell Carcinoma Skin Cancer enter the dermis layer of the skin from the epidermis layer and multiply quickly to lymph nodes and blood vessels as well as some remote sites within the human body.
The cancerous tumor of the Squamous Cell Carcinoma Skin Cancer usually concentrates in the sun-exposed region and its occurrence is mostly cited on the head region especially around the nose, or temples and rim of both ear and lip. Sometimes the cancerous cells are also found in the neck region and on the surfaces of either hand or forearm. You will also notice such dangerous cells in the regions where you had previous burns or scars or sites where the chronic ulcers existed. Even the mucous membranes inside the mouth can show the nest of the tumor of the Squamous Cell Carcinoma Skin Cancer.
In the initial stage, a red, scaling appears which slowly grow into a scaly crust ulcer and spread deeper into the surrounding tissues. The ulcer is often itchy and painful and sometimes starts to bleed and even ulcerate. Patients with such skin cancer often see its recurrence which occurs within the first two years immediate to its removal.
The tumor of such Squamous Cell Carcinoma Skin Cancer occurs due to excessive exposure to sunlight or patients who tend to more X-ray exposure. The other reasons are arsenic ingestion, along with occupational carcinogens which can be vital contributing factors.
The basic treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Skin Cancer is said to be successful in most patients and they show no side effects in the primary stage. The symptoms are seen in the skin and its detection in the initial developmental stage is treatable easily. Surgical removal is necessary in the primary stage and aggressive therapy is avoided. The symptoms of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Skin Cancer should be recognized immediately by visiting to a doctor otherwise it will lead to nasty Metastasis.
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Rosie the Robot, from the old cartoon, set in the future, The Jetsons, was (thankfully) never asked to give a robotic surgery for prostate cancer to Little Elroy. Would you believe that in real life that is happening now? Once you get passed the headlines, you realize it’s not as outlandish as it seems. The doctor works with high tech machinery to aid him with the surgery.
It’s a minimally invasive alternative to traditional prostate surgery. It employs the use an high tech, upgraded laparoscopic device. Patients usually give the procedure positive feedback. This is a trend you can bet you will see more of.
Most people have yet to hear of this, but it’s not really new. Since the late 1990s, many surgeons have logged thousands of operations with their robotic partners. The earliest work was done in the mid to late 1980s.
The actual machinery is named the da Vinci surgical system. It allows the prostate to be operated on, or removed without having to open the patient’s body, like most surgeries. Four small holes are made that allow tiny instruments to enter and do the work.
Any natural micro hand tremors are technologically filtered out by the system, which makes the operation safer than traditional procedures. Additionally, the precise instruments, along with the view afforded by the high tech camera, allow exact movements without damaging surrounding tissue.
The amount of blood that is lost in this procedure is so much less than normal, the operation has been referred by some people as, “the bloodless prostate surgery.” There are similar improvements in recuperation time and discomfort levels.
Traditional, open prostate surgery, usually has a lot of unpleasant side effects that come with it. Those are avoided with this newer technology. An added bonus is that instead of a large scar there are just four small marks. It’s easy to understand why patients prefer this approach, to the previous one.
Here is something you would not expect to see from patients of the traditional, open prostate procedure: Some patients literally walk out within hours. Most patients are home within 24 hours.
Is robotic surgery for prostate cancer the only procedure of its type? Absolutely not. There are similar operations in the following areas: Urology, Pediatrics, Orthopedics, Gynecology, Gastrointestinal, Electrophysiology, Neurosurgery, Cardiology, Cardiothoracic and General surgery.
The question must be asked: How far, and fast, will this trend progress? Is there a chance Rosie the Robot will ever get her surgeon’s license? That might not sound so far fetched once you read this: In May of 2006, a computerized robotic device referred to as the first “artificial intelligence doctor” performed an unassisted surgery to correct a heart arrythmia on a 34 year old male.
The designer of the robot said that due to the ten thousand similar operations it had in its database, it was more than qualified to do the job. In fact, the outcome was rated better than if the surgery had been done by “the average surgeon”. The designer went on to predict that fifty percent of all surgeries within ten to fifteen years, will be performed by robotic units under their own control.